Ovarian Torsion: Why It Requires Emergency Treatment

Ovarian torsion is a serious medical condition that occurs when an ovary twists around the tissues that support it, cutting off its blood supply. This condition is not only painful but also potentially dangerous, as it can lead to the loss of the ovary if not treated promptly. At Marietta OB-GYN Affiliates, serving Marietta and Powder Springs, GA, we prioritize educating our patients on conditions that require urgent care, such as ovarian torsion. Here, we’ll discuss what ovarian torsion is, its symptoms, and why immediate treatment is essential.

What is Ovarian Torsion?

Ovarian torsion occurs when an ovary twists around the ligaments that support it, restricting blood flow to the ovary and fallopian tube. This twisting can lead to severe pain and, if untreated, can result in tissue damage or even the loss of the ovary. Ovarian torsion is most common among women of reproductive age, though it can happen to women of any age, including pre-menopausal and post-menopausal women.

Causes of Ovarian Torsion

While the exact cause of ovarian torsion isn’t always clear, certain factors may increase the risk:

• Ovarian Cysts: Large cysts or masses on the ovary can increase its weight, making it more prone to twisting.
• Hormonal Changes: Women undergoing fertility treatments or experiencing significant hormonal shifts may be at a higher risk.
• Pregnancy: Pregnancy can increase the likelihood of torsion, particularly during the first trimester when the ovaries are more active.
• Anatomical Variations: Some women have structural differences in their reproductive organs that may make torsion more likely.

Symptoms of Ovarian Torsion

Recognizing the symptoms of ovarian torsion is essential for getting timely medical care. The most common symptoms include:

• Severe Lower Abdominal or Pelvic Pain: This pain often comes on suddenly and is typically isolated to one side of the abdomen.
• Nausea and Vomiting: These symptoms often accompany the pain and can become severe as the torsion progresses.
• Fever: In some cases, a fever may develop if the torsion has led to tissue damage or infection.
• Abnormal Bleeding: Some women experience unusual vaginal bleeding or spotting.

If you experience any of these symptoms, especially if the pain is sudden and intense, it’s important to seek emergency medical care.

Why Ovarian Torsion Requires Emergency Treatment

Ovarian torsion is a true medical emergency that requires immediate intervention. When the ovary twists, it restricts blood flow, which can quickly lead to tissue death. Without blood flow, the ovary cannot receive the oxygen and nutrients it needs to function, leading to:

1. Tissue Damage: Prolonged lack of blood flow can cause the ovarian tissue to die, which may result in the loss of the ovary and affect fertility.
2. Infection: If left untreated, tissue damage can lead to infection, increasing the risk of complications.
3. Severe Pain and Complications: The pain associated with torsion is typically severe and unrelenting. Prompt treatment can relieve this pain and prevent further health issues.

Because of these risks, ovarian torsion is treated as a surgical emergency. The sooner treatment is provided, the higher the chance of saving the ovary and avoiding further complications.

How is Ovarian Torsion Diagnosed?

When you arrive at the hospital with symptoms of ovarian torsion, your healthcare provider will likely perform several diagnostic tests:

• Physical Examination: Your doctor will assess your symptoms and perform an abdominal or pelvic exam to determine the source of pain.
• Ultrasound Imaging: A transvaginal ultrasound is often used to visualize the ovaries and check for signs of torsion, such as reduced blood flow.
• Blood Tests: Blood tests may be performed to assess for signs of infection or inflammation that could indicate tissue damage.

Treatment for Ovarian Torsion

Surgery is the primary treatment for ovarian torsion, as it allows the doctor to untwist the ovary and restore blood flow. This procedure, known as laparoscopic detorsion, is minimally invasive and involves using a small camera and instruments to access the ovary through small incisions. In many cases, this surgery can save the ovary if performed quickly.

If the ovary has sustained severe damage and cannot be saved, your doctor may recommend removing it to prevent infection or other complications. This procedure is known as oophorectomy. While losing one ovary may impact fertility, many women are still able to conceive with the remaining ovary.

Preventing Ovarian Torsion

While ovarian torsion is not always preventable, some steps may help reduce the risk:

• Monitor Ovarian Cysts: If you are prone to ovarian cysts, regular check-ups can help monitor their size and detect any changes that may increase your risk of torsion.
• Address Hormonal Imbalances: Working with your healthcare provider to manage hormonal changes may reduce the likelihood of ovarian torsion.
• Seek Early Care for Symptoms: If you experience any sudden abdominal pain, don’t hesitate to contact your provider. Early intervention can make a significant difference in preserving ovarian health.

At Marietta OB-GYN Affiliates, we’re dedicated to providing compassionate, expert care for women in the Marietta and Powder Springs, GA areas. If you have questions about ovarian torsion or are experiencing symptoms that concern you, don’t wait— seek emergency medical attention to ensure you receive the care you need.